Hydraulic shock absorber



May 5, T9314 E. w. BElDLER ETAL HYDRAULIC sHocK ABSORBR Filed March 24, 1950 5 SheeS-Sheet. l

May 5, 1931, I E. w. BEIDLER ET AL l,804,l4l

HYDRAULI C S HOOK ABSORBER Filed March 24, 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet. 2'

f7 d e 5.24 [MMM Patented May 5, `1931 UNITED STATES PATENT voFFlcE ELLIOTT w. Bateman., oF ELYRIA, AND AMnNDUs c. RoEssLEB., or' LAKEWOOD, cino,

ASSIGNORS TO ROMEO CORPORATION, OF ELYRIA, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO HYDRAULIC snoei: V.liiasomana Application filedv March 24, 1930. Serial No. 438,310.

This invention relates generally to hydraulic shock Vabsorbers and more particularly to hydraulic shock absorbers suitable for use on automotive vehicles, althou h the device is of general Yapplication an Well adapted for various uses.

The main object of the invention is to provide a shock absorber of the character described which is simple 'in construction, dependable and eicient in operation and wellv adapted for quantity productionl at comparatively low cost.

Another object of the invention is to provide a Ashock absorber of the character described which consists essentially of a pressure chamber in which is mounted a rotor having a sliding piston or vane extending therethrou h and disposed in sliding contact with t e interior walls of the pressure chamber. f Another object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic shock absorber of the character 'described which is provided with a pressure chamber the inner peripheral wall of which is shaped to conform to a limacon and inl which is mounted a rotor having its axis of rotation passing through the chordal center of the limacon and parallel to the principal axis thereof, together with a vane or piston blade which extends through the rotor transversely of its axis, the piston bladev orvane being shorter than the chordal length of the limacon and provided with seats at its opposite ends in which are mounted rockers adapted'for pivotal movement toward either side of the piston blade and having working faces conforming to the inner wall of the pressure chamber and adapted to bear against the walls thereof as the piston blade is moved in either direction.

Further and more `limited objects of the dinvention will appear asv the description proceeds and by reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view in end elevation disclosing the preferred embodiment of our invention attached .to the frame of a motor vehicle; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view on the line 2-2 of Fig.A 1; Fig/,3 is a vertical sectional view on the line 3--3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view on the line 4.--4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a view in side elevation of the rotor removed from the casing; Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the holding ring; Fig. 7 is a view in front elevation of the holding ring; Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view on the line .8-8 of Fig. 5; Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view disclosing the manner of forming the joint between the holding ring andthe inner ,end of the casing; Fi 10 is a view in front elevation of the was er for preventing leakage around the shaft of the rotor and Fig. 11 is a perl casing is shaped Ato conform to a limacon.

curve. Extending through and slidably mounted in the rotor 2 is avane or piston' 4 which is to be more. fully described hereinafter. It is essential that this piston contact y with the walls of the pressure chamber at both of its ends; and as the iston blade which we proposeto use is fixed 1n its length, it is obvious that the blade constitutes a movable chord Vand as the rotor 2 which carries this blade is mounted eccentrically with respect to the pressure chamber, the proper curvature of the bore can be mathematically obtained from the eccentric relation of the rotor to the bore andthe length of the chord. This curve is known as a limacon curve and is disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,649,256 which issued November 15, 1927 to lA. C. Roessler.

This atent discloses one manner of generatingy t e limacon curve whichis well known in the art.

The inner end of the chamber is closed by a cap or cover 5 which is threadedly secured thereover and is provided with oppositely disposed anges or projections 6`and 7 having apertures 8 and 9 therein through which extend bolts `10 and 11 for securing the casinner edge of the casing is provided with a complementarily shaped lip 16 both'of which engage in a depression formed in an annular packing ring 17 secured in an annular groove formed in the cover 5, as shown most clearly in Fig. 9. The inner end of the rotor 2 is" journaled in the opening 14. The pistn 4 extends through the axis of the rotor and the width of the same is approximately wall of the chamber.

equal to the depth of the pump chamberA While the length of the piston is such that both ends of the same are always in contact with the walls of the chamber. The piston is preferably made of steel and has formed in each end thereof a semicircular or concave seat. Arranged in each of these seats isa strip of packing material 18. In forming the packing strips we take a rod of packing material which is circular in cross section and has the same radius as the arc of the seat inthe end of the blade. We then cut away a portion at one side of the rod and above the center line thereof and then' impart a curvature to the face thus formed on the rodgcorresponding to the general or average curvature of the inner peripheral wall of the chamberf This strip is then set into'the seat in the end of the blade so that the base portion of the strip opposite the face thereof abuts against the wall of the chamber.

It will be readily-seen that owing to this construction, the strip is free to rock in its seat asthe piston blade is turned so that the face of the packing strip will at all times conform to and compress tightly against the Furthermore, as the packing rocks one way or the other it will automatically increase or decrease the length of the piston blade and will thereforeprovide for the ever changing radius of curvature of the wall of the chamber or anyprobable imperfection therein and will tend to compensate for the wear 'on the wall of the y chamber. Moreover, as each of the packing strips has a definite side area projecting be-l.

ond the end of the piston blade, it will folow that when fluid 1s beingforced from one side of the piston to the opposite side thereof,.the pressure of the fluid will act against the side of the packingl strip and tend to clamp the strip against its seat, thus greatly increasing the efliciency of the packing. The reduced portion 3 of the rotor serves as a detail in Fig. l0, and which is held in place by means of a clamping ring `23. The

.washer 22 is slightly dished, as shown in Fig. 2 and is normally maintained under tension. A suitable bearing or packing 24 is provided for preventing leakage around the reduced portion 3 of the rotor.

Extending through the casing 1 is a bore or passageway 25 in the opposite ends of which are threadedly secured bushings 26 and 27 each of'which has a bore therein in which is threadedly secured pins 28 and 29. Arranged within the b'ore 25 isa ball valve 30 the purpose of which will hereinafter appear. The pins 28 and 29 extend into the bore 25, as shown most clearly in Fig. 3. Threadedly secured over the ends of the bushings 26 and 27 are caps 30 and 31 which are readily removed so as to permit of adjustment ofthe pins. Leading from the bore 25 are a pair of bores or passageways 32 and 33 which lead into the piston chamber at diametrically opposite points. Leading from each of the bores 32 and 33 are a pair of threaded bores which are normally closed by threaded caps or plugs 34, 35.

The pressure chamber is adapted to be completely filled with a liquid such as glycerine or lubricating oil. The piston -4 normally occupies the position shown in Fig.v 4. The bore 25 is provided with a circular restricted passageway 36 the purpose of which will hereinafter appear. The opposite sides of the piston are in communication with each other'through the bores 32 and 33 and the bore 25.l The shock absorber is'preferably connected to the frame of the automotive vehicle as hereinbefore described, and the lever 19 is adapted to be rigidly connected to the vehicle axle in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.

With the vehicle at rest, the piston 4 oc.

cupies the position shown in Fig. 4. Upon downward movement of" the vehicle body,

30, bore 25, and thence throughbore 32 to' the opposite side of the piston. Upon the rebound of the vehicle body, the iston 4 will be moved in. the opposite direction whereupon the liquid within the chamber B will be placed under pressure and will tend to escape through the bore 32, bore 25, past ball check valve 30 which is maintained oif of its seat by the pin 29 and thence through restricted passagewa 36 to bore 33 and to the opposite side of tlie piston. By a proper adjustment of the pin 29, any desired checking action may be obtained. The pin 28 serves to prevent the ball valve 30 from closing the opening to the passageway 32. By the proper adjustment of the pins 28 and 29, the device may be adapted for use on either the right or left hand side of the vehicle.

As the ends of the piston blade 4 are provided with rockers 18 which are disposed in the undercut grooves, the friction between the rocker and piston is reduced to a point below the friction between the rocker ends and the wall of the chamber and consequently these rockers will always turn suciently to maintain a working contact between the piston and the bore and inasmuch as the piston with rockers attached thereto are of substantially constant length and as. the bore is constructed upon the limacon curve previously described, there will be the proper working contact during the entire movement of the piston and irrespective of the direction of movement. Moreover, there will be no tendency for the blade to gouge or score the inner peripheral wall of the pressure chamber.

Various changes may be made in the details of construction as well as in the manner of arranging and securing'the various parts in position without departing from the spirit of our invention. For example, the particular manner of adjusting the bypass of the liquid from one side of the piston to the opposite side thereof may be varied as the exigencies of the occasion may demand. lt is therefore to be understood that the embodiment of the invention herein disclosed is merely illustrative and is not to beconsidered in a limiting sense and that the invention is limited only in accordance with the scope of the appended claims.

Having `thus described our invention, what we claim is:

l. ln a hydraulic shock absorber, the combination of a pressure chamber having a peripheral wall shaped to conform to a limacon curve, a rotor mounted in said chamber with its axis of rotation passing through the chordal center of the limacon and parallel to the principal axis of the chamber, a piston blade extending through said vrotor transversely of its axis, said blade being shorter than the chordal length of the limacon.

2. In a hydraulic shock absorber, the combination of a pressure chamber having a peripheral wall shaped to conform to a limacon curve, a rotor mounted in said chamber with its axis of rotation passing through the choral center of the limacon and parallel to the principal axis of the chamber, a piston blade extending through said rotor transversely of its axis, said blade being shorter than the chordal length of the limacon and provided with seats at its extremities, and rockers mounted in said seats for pivotal movement toward either side of said piston blade and having working faces conforming to the interior of said chamber and adapted to bear against it as the piston blade is moved in either direction. y

3. In a hydraulic shock absorber, the combination of a pressurechamber having a peripheral wall shaped to conform to a limacon curve, a rotor mounted in said chamber with its axis of rotation passing through the chordal center of the limacon and parallel to the principal axis of the chamber, a piston blade extending through said rotor transversely of its axis, said blade being shorter than the chordal length of the limacon and provided withseats at its extremities, and rockers mounted in said seats for pivotal movement toward either of said piston blade and having working faces conforming to the interior of said chamber and adapted to bear against it as the piston blade is moved in either direction, a by-pass for conveying'liquid from one side of said piston blade to the other side thereof when said piston is'moved in either direction. 1. A hydraulic shock absorber comprising a pressure chamber adapted to contain a liquid and havingy an inner peripheral wall shaped to conform to a limacon curve, a rotor mounted in said chamber, a piston blade extending through said rotor and bearing against the peripheral wall of said chamber at its opposite ends, a by-pass for conveying liquid from one side of said piston blade to the other side thereof when said piston is moved in either direction, and means for regulating the iow through said by-pass.

5. A hydraulic shock absorber comprising a chamber adapted to contain a liquid and having a peripheral wall which is shaped to conform to a limacon curve, a rotor mounted within said chamber and having its axis of movement passing through the chordal center of said limacon and parallel to the p rlncipal axis of the chamber, a vane carried by said rotor and having working faces at its opposite ends conforming to the inte-- rior of said chamber and bearing thereagainst and means for conveying a liquid from one side of said vane to the opposite side thereof when said vane is moved in either direction.

6. A hydraulic shock absorber comprising a casing having a chamber formed therein the inner peripheral wall of which is shaped v to conform to a limacon curve, a rotor mounted in said chamber and having one end projecting through said casing and adapted for rigid connection with one of two relatively movable members, a vane carried by said rotor and having Working iaces at its opposite ends conforming to the interior of said chambers and enga-g the walls thereof, a bore connecting te opposite vsides of said vane and means for regulating the flow therethrough, a cover closing the end of said chamber adapted to be rigidly connected with the other of said rela'-l tively movable members.

* In a h draulic shock absorber, the combinat'ion o a pressure chamber the inner peripheral Wall of which is 'shaped to conform to a limacon curve, a rotor journaled in said chamber with its axis of rotation passing through the chordal center of the limacon and narallel to the principal axis of the chamber, a piston extending freely through said rotor and transversely of its axis and bearing against the peripheral wall of said chamber at its opposite ends, a bypass for conveying liquid from one side of said piston to the other side thereof `when the piston is moved in either direction, valve means arranged Within said by-pass and means operable from the exterior of Said bypass for adjusting said valve means for regulating the flow through said bypass.

In testimony whereof, we' hereunto aiix our signatures. i

ELLIOTT W. BEDLER.

AMANDUS C. RESSLER. 

